Showing posts with label History. Show all posts
Showing posts with label History. Show all posts

Thursday, August 4, 2016

Addressing the Magical 'N-Word'

A few suggestions to perhaps lessen the linguistic impact of the most taboo word in the English language. 


By: Jimbo X
@Jimbo__X

Back in the medieval days, people used to freak out over this thing called a tritone. You know that song “Black Sabbath,” by the band Black Sabbath, off the album Black Sabbath? Well, that whole song is basically a five minute long tritone. And back in the Dark Ages, people thought it was some kind of magical note that literally conjured up evil spirits when performed. 

Of course, we are a smarter, wiser and much more scientifically-inclined species than we were 500 years ago, and we’ve long abandoned such silly, superstitious and frankly – stupid – ideas about certain sounds being able to summon the forces of darkness.

Well, with one glaring exception

Now folks, I don’t know if you are aware of it, but apparently, there is this one very, very special word in the English language that has supernatural powers. In fact, it’s such a mightily evil term that not only are you not allowed to say it, you better not even think it, unless you are mulling how ungodly terrible it is. And even then, you better not even imagine stringing all the letters together in such a way you can hear both syllables in the inner monologue in your brain. Not even.

We all know what word I am talking about. Of course, it being a horrific curse word that LITERALLY has the ability to summon Ku Klux Klansmen out of hell mouths in the Great Plains, we will refuse to address it by its full six-letter nomenclature. Alas, for the sake of simplicity, we will henceforward refer to this term by the euphemism "Nukie" - in honor of the much maligned 1980s E.T. clone - if only because it phonetically sounds like the actual word no one is ever allowed to say ever, for any reason. And also, because substituting the unholy word with an obscure, tongue-in-cheek disempowering referential point could go a long way in changing the constructional connotation of said unholy word, but we'll get to that just a little bit later. 

Before we get into finding ways to "dismantle" the verbal and literary force of the prejudicial slur "Nukie," we must first delve into why "Nukie" is considered by the totality of U.S. society to be such a foul and unthinkable word. 

Now, in 2002 a legal scholar named Randall Kennedy penned a pretty thorough book describing the etymology of the term "Nukie." In his own words, he determined that the word is used in such "a rich panoply of contexts" that it's hard to come to a single concrete definition of what the term is supposed to imply. Regardless, he said "Nukie" has - historically - been used as pejorative meant to demean and belittle people based on their purported genetic, cognitive and moral inferiority. 

Now this is where the discussion gets interesting. While historically the term "Nukie" has been used to describe allegedly intrinsic attributes of a person (even if they were unabashedly superficial and oftentimes scientifically incorrect), some have made the argument that the term "Nukie" in modern discourse refers not to one's supposedly innate features - thus, giving them a linguistic shackle they can never free themselves from - but rather, is a derogatory term meant to criticize and condemn one's actions. Lest we forget the philosophical musings of renowned sociologist and demographer Christopher Rock, whose hypothesis regarding "Nukie" as a behavioral descriptor remains among the most heavily cited in all branches of the social sciences. 

Adding even more intrigue to the "Nukie" dilemma is the argument that the word has been "reclaimed" as a positive social identifier, and to some capacity, now represents a term of endearment used to symbolize closeness, trust and reverence. Of course, the big variable there is that this reclaimed "Nukie" - most frequently stylized as "Nuka'" and almost always pronounced in such a way to omit the "er" suffix - is almost exclusively referenced as a positive term when the word is used by African-American individuals to celebrate other African-Americans. No matter how much respect or admiration is meant, it is almost universally considered offensive for a member of any other reductionistic, arbitrarily-defined racial group to express the stylized "Nukie," especially in the presence of African-Americans and doubly-especially if said "Nukie" is directly addressed to a specific African-American individual. 

So what we have now is an incredibly complex hydra of a word, whose concrete meaning is cleaved by two contradictory definitions, which are further complicated by the contextual circumstances of both why the term is being said and who it is, exactly, who is using the term. Nonetheless, the word remains far and away the most controversial term in the English language, having reached an unparalleled place in the American lexicon that not even the famed "seven words you can't say on television" ascended (or descended) to. Beyond a "forbidden" word, it is viewed as form of true verbal assault, representing not just a linguistic attack in the eyes of most U.S. inhabitants, but a bona fide physical one. To call an individual a "Nukie" isn't just an attempt to belittle him or her, it is considered practically a vocal stabbing - the very act is as unconscionable as literally jamming a blade into the flesh of another human being, and as a result, we consider the amount of tangible harm intended and sustained virtually the same. To many, many people, saying "Nukie" is much more than an insult - it quite literally constitutes a form of physical battery and is a felonious hate crime on par with lighting a cross on someone's front yard. Actually, it is far worse than that; the latter is a mere property crime, wheres calling someone a "Nukie" is a legit form of interpersonal violence, no different than gang attacking them, spray painting their genitals and attempting to douse them in kerosene and set them ablaze

With that in mind, it's not surprising at all that some people want to keep the word cloaked in secrecy, as if it was the modern English equivalent of spouting Voldermort's name. The problem there, of course, is two-fold. For one, the term "Nukie" is by no means a "secretive" term - everyone and their mother has heard it and they know very well the linguistic power it conveys. The secondary problem, however, is a bit more nuanced. By making the word so utterly taboo - to the point that even mainstream media outlets only refer to it with a series of asterisks - we are indeed empowering the term. It sounds contradictory, but by framing "Nukie" as some all-powerful curse word with virtually metaphysical properties, all we are really doing is reinforcing the strength of the slur. Instead of watering it down to make it less impactful, we seem strangely obsessed with maintaining the term's unholy power. 

Seeing as how words are simply an arrangement of letters, their real power isn't concrete, but constructed. If enough people agree on a uniform definition or connotation, pretty much any word can be re-construed to mean something entirely different. Go ahead, reach into the never-ending drawer of sexual euphemisms - your hoes, your screws, your humps, etc. - for validation of such. If society truly wanted to de-power "Nukie," there is nothing stopping us. Indeed, there's more than one way to take the piss and vinegar out of the term, thanks to this little thing called "semantic satiation."

Do you ever get a random word stuck in your head, and after saying it aloud a couple of times, it stops sounding like a real word? Go ahead, say the word "buttercup" over and over again for a minute. I guarantee you by the 61st second, instead of processing "buttercup" as dewy flower, you can only think of it as a weird clashing of hard "t" and "p" sounds (we call them plosives, if anybody every asks you.) Well, theoretically, all of society could do the very same thing with "Nukie" - if we completely dismantled the core definition of the term and supplied it with a new concrete (not contextual) meaning, the much-loathed word would be robbed of all of its hateful, bigoted power. 

Perhaps the best way to sap "Nukie" of its linguistic force is some good old fashioned systematic desensitization. If you hear the term enough - and used across a wide spectrum of contextual situations - it becomes impossible to interpret the term under one singular, highly-specific connotation. By making it a mundane word with so many different potential meanings instead of some verboten term with a very direct meaning, you can slowly but surely strip the negative connotations of the word from the realm of social consciousness. 

For example, what if someone made a movie called "Nukie: The Motion Picture," which featured actors and actresses of all ethnoracial backgrounds saying nothing but the term "Nukie" over and over again for an hour and a half? You could have one vignette featuring a white couple in a loving embrace, cuddling and cooing lingering, syrupy "Nukies" at each other, followed up by a scene of a Hispanic man shouting "Nukie" as a general expression of outrage over a malfunctioning blender. Hell, maybe you could include a scene where an Asian man teaches his child the names of assorted vegetables, all of which he describes as "Nukie" in various, fluctuating vocal modulations, followed by a scene of black kids playing a heated game of street hoops and using the term "Nukie" to describe everything from time-outs to what kind of shoes they're wearing. And for the kicker, it could conclude with a KKK rally; after a grand wizard screams "Nukie" over and over again while pointing at a photograph of a spotted tabby, a Barack Obama-impersonator could walk onscreen, shake his head and call them "Nukies" before the whole flick fades to (fittingly enough) black. After hearing 90 minutes of completely contextual "Nukies" uttered at least a thousand times, you'd have to have the cognitive will of a KGB super-spy to still cull any sort of core meaning out of the word, at least for an hour or so.

It's a strategy we know as an evidenced based psychosocial engineering tool would work. The thing is, as hurtful and destructive and enraging as the word is, a lot of us - a staggeringly large number who are black - don't want to let go of the word. Instead of allowing the wound to heal, we keep ripping open the scab with our teeth yet still act surprised to see  blood start pouring out of the perforation. 
A ton of people still want to keep the term "Nukie" and its core negative connotation pertaining to black individuals alive, perhaps as some sort of linguistic remnant of the bad old days of unabashed, codified white supremacy. As much as we collectively loathe the term, for reasons that still aren't 100 percent explicable, we don't want to leave behind the word's historical connotations, either. 

If we don't want to reduce the linguistic harm of the term by definitionally obfuscating it Bunuel and Dali-style, perhaps we could reduce the narrowly tailored prejudice of "Nukie" by expanding its core implications as a behavioral slur to people of all colors and creeds? After all, turning "Nukie" into a color-blind insult to describe individuals who engage in irritating, unmindful, cretinous, oafish or (ironically) intolerant conduct - no matter if they are African-American, Czechoslovakian, Taiwanese or Palestinian - would effectively erase its intrinsic "value" as a pejorative, ultimately making it as toothless as general put-downs like "jerk" and "asshole." Indeed, the term to some extent already has become a ethnoracial-neutral term of condemnation: lest we forget the immortal words of Gin Rummy in that one episode of The Boondocks, "I don't mean [Nukie] in a disrespectful way, I mean it as a general term for ignorant motherfuckers ... anybody of any race can be an ignorant motherfucker.

As elementary as it may sound, perhaps the easiest way to overcome the dreadful specter of both historical and contemporary bigotry is to use the old "I am rubber, you are glue" approach. If a skinhead or Stormfront forum member calls a more melanated individual a racially-based slur a'la "Nukie," maybe the best thing to do isn't to take extreme offense to the declaration and demand the offender apologize for the Atlantic Slave Trade (which, according to Newton's Third Law of Motion, would prompt at least half of the tertiary parties involved to get outraged at the person experiencing outrage for insisting they should replace their own emotions and perspectives with theirs.) If you want to "disempower" the term, you first have to a.) reject its own power over you as an individual and b.) find a way to redirect whatever malicious intent the term implies back to the speaker of said slur. The second part has kind of been implemented - indeed, being socially recognized as a "racist" in contemporary American culture is considered by many to be a fate worse than being accused of molesting your own children - but collectively, we just haven't been able to nail down the requisite part a.

Shaming people under the auspices of some mandatory neo-neo-liberal ideology has only intensified racial animosity, deterred nuanced public debate and driven legitimate racists deeper underground into the anonymous pockets of the Internet. Meanwhile, claiming the metaphysical ability to detect undercurrents of subtextual racism in clearly non-racist actions or statements only serves to make people dislike racially-cognizant activists and lobbyists even more. By constantly chiding and condemning and criticizing people for intentional or unintentional displays of racial bigotry - be those utterances malicious by design or as innocuous as a butterfly's fart - the expressive power of terms like "Nukie" can only grow stronger. Instead of trying to fan out the conflagration of verbal prejudice, we keep throwing chunks of gasoline soaked rubber on the campfire, shaking our heads and crying to the skies "why, oh why, won't racism go away?"

If some bigoted old honky calls a black person a "Nukie," the most effective reply probably isn't crying, calling Al Sharpton, tweeting about it nine million times (with its own vanity hashtag, no less) and holding a community rally to fight the incorporeal menace of "racism" three days later. In fact, that's probably the BEST way to embolden legit racists, because like all hateful people, they get off on watching others suffer and feeling like they have any sort of power over another human being. Really, the best way to defuse those kind of scenarios - and really, to defeat racially prejudiced language altogether - is to simply reject the linguistic and literary force of the offensive terms. It's kind of like Freddy Kruger in the first Elm Street movie - it can only hurt you if you really believe in it. If you want to kill "Nukie" as a pejorative, having literal funerals for words ain't the way to do it. You've got to make a conscious, concentrated effort to NOT be offended by the term, then turn around and make it something the racists have to wear themselves. And what better way to disempower the term AND royally piss off real racists than by subverting their preferred ethnoracial slur to describe them? That's right, it's time we started turning around and calling neo-Confederates and skinheads and David Duke-esque white nationalists "Nukies," themselves. Just over and over again, every time they use the word to demean individuals of color, we fire back by calling them the "real Nukies." It's verbal jiu-jitsu at its finest; taking a discriminatory phrase, rebranding it as a derogatory term to describe the people who use it most frequently as insults, and throwing it right back into their faces like a ricocheting racquetball. "Hey, you see that Klansman over there? God, what an annoying little 'Nukie,'" In a way, it's downright beautiful, ain't it?

Of course, before we even get to that point, we have to socially agree to stop feeding the proverbial beast. To officially "kill" the dreaded "n-word," that means we have to strip it of its bizarre, perversely reverential status as a curse word. We have to stop treating it like it's some sort of mystical incantation with supernatural properties, and instead view it - as terse and hurtful it may be - as just another collection of letters with arbitrary, context-specific meanings. But above all, to "de-power" that most unholy and taboo word, we have to stop investing so much time and energy into it. That means choosing to ignore it and refusing to buy into its' intrinsic "value" as a slur. As our good homosexual pal Ludwig Wittgenstein said way back in the day, words only have merit if people collectively decide they should, and the same way we collectively "empowered" the slur "Nukie" 200 years ago, we can collectively disempower the phrase today by recasting what it is, precisely, that it references. Language, after all, is a social construct, and there's nothing stopping society from reconstructing the verbal artifacts we inherited. 

Alas, both critics and proponents of using the term "Nukie" as an ethnoracial descriptor just don't seem like they want to move on. It's almost like both sides want to keep the hyper-polarizing pejorative around, as a kind of weapon of mass destruction that benefits them and lambastes their sociopolitical rivals at the same time. Racists and anti-racists both want to keep "Nukie" alive and thriving, almost as if its survival embodies a linguistic form of "mutually assured destruction." It's mere existence is like some kind of literary life support mechanism, which ensures a contentious debate about race relations in the U.S. never, ever dies down - and, of course, never becomes tempered by that most unwanted guest, reasonable debate

Now, will anybody take the advice laid out here and run with it? Eh, probably not, for all the reasons I stated in the above paragraph. Alas, if marketing psychology has taught us anything, it's that mindsets can be created, language can be reshaped and historical contexts can be revised to fall more in line with contemporary mores and values. 

Simply put, we can change the debate about "Nukie" literally anytime we want ... that is, if we actually make the conscious, coordinated efforts to actually move towards post-racialism instead of looking for any and all excuses to default into identity politics whenever it behooves us. Alas, despite having all the resources in front of us to wipe "Nukie" off the face off the earth, lamentably, we've all decided to keep hanging on to it; funny how a society that allegedly despises the term absolutely refuses to let it fade from memory, no? 

Thursday, February 4, 2016

A Tribute to Tecmo Bowl

A fond, reverential look back at the greatest football video game franchise ever.


By: Jimbo X 
JimboXAmerican@gmail.com
@Jimbo__X

When the term "football video game" comes up, most people think Madden. However, for old school purists, the term drums up heartfelt memories of one thing, and one thing only: Tecmo goddamn motherfucking shitting Bowl. (Official title? Just plain Tecmo Bowl.) 

Indeed, while football games have certainly gotten more realistic looking and complex, the simple, unrefined joys of Tecmo Bowl remain the apex of the genre. As simple as the games were, they were just so much fun to play - who cares if you couldn't call 40 different audibles or challenge plays and the turf never deteriorated in real-time when you were having a blast just mowing down the opposing QB with a mere flick of the D-pad and racking up 1,000 yards a game in rushing offense? This series is so beloved that almost 30 years since the very first game came out, people are still playing it, cherishing it and - to a certain extent - worshiping it as the pinnacle of arcade sports game excellence. 

That said, a lot of people tend to overlook just how long the series has been around. Make no mistakes, this is a franchise whose import stretches well beyond the scope of the Nintendo Entertainment System, and even a little bit before it. As the rest of American society tries to make itself excited for a Super Bowl 50 matchup nobody is really all that interested in watching, I've decided to take the time and effort to shine a spotlight on an entirely different kind of Bowl - one that has not only shaped video gaming culture, but really, American football culture itself. 

So grease up your palms, keep your eyes on the cathode ray tube and whatever you do, don't let anybody pick the Detroit Lions; it's time to pay our respects to the best football video game series ever...


Tecmo Bowl 
Arcade (1987)



The first Tecmo Bowl game is the odd duck of the franchise. While it has many similarities to the Tecmo Bowl we all know and love, it's certainly a standalone game with no real connection to any of the subsequent entries. For starters, there are no NFL teams or players. In fact, there are only two teams to choose from - a generic red-bedecked squad called the Bulldogs and a blue-clad ensemble called the Wildcats. The iconography is clearly meant to mimic the college football experience, right down to the Big House-inspired stadium. Speaking of big, the cabinet for this sumbitch was one of the hugest of its time - next to the old six-man Konami X-Men coin-op, it had to have been the largest arcade unit floating around in the early George H.W. years. The two-screen cabinet was also one of the biggest coin-op scams of the decade, forcing you to pump quarters into the machine every 30 seconds to keep playing it; to finish an entire game - and thus, see that awesome concluding cinematic of fans tearing down the goalpost - you had to drop at least six bucks in pocket change. The gameplay is also pretty weird, chiefly in the fact that you don't get to pick plays - each down you find yourself in a randomly generated formation (sometimes you are working out of the shotgun, sometimes you are in the I-form) - and you can't change receivers or backs once the ball has been snapped (which, naturally, leads to a lot of QB scrambling.) While it's perhaps too simplistic a game nowadays, it did have some pretty cool touches, including the ability to jump for passes, break tackles with some joystick twiddling finesse and the big one, lateral the ball like a motherfucker. It's an extraordinary limited game, but it is worth at least one playthrough - especially on the .ROM sites, where thankfully, you don't have to shell out enough money for a McDonalds combo meal to play it. (Note: the game is also available as a Wii download and is featured on the Xbox compilation disc Tecmo Classic Arcade, which the Internet tells me IS compatible with the Xbox360 if you've downloaded the proper updates. As for its functionality on the XboxOne? You'll have to Google that shit on your own, whippersnapper.) 

Tecmo Bowl 
NES (1989)


Well, what more can be said about this one? With the possible exception of Walter Payton Football on the Sega Master System, this was the first American football game on a home console worth a damn. Seriously, have you people ever attempted to play stuff like 10 Yard Fight, NES Play-Action Football and God pity your soul, LJN'S NFL? While the game is undoubtedly limited, what is included is just balls-out fantastic 8-bit sports action. The lack of a proper NFL license hurts it (yeah, time for the Chicago Penguins Holding Harps to take on the Denver Blue-Hair Unicorn Chicks!) as does the fact the game only has a dozen teams to choose from, but at the end of the day, the core gameplay is just so satisfying hardly any of that matters. As soon as that awesome, Jock Jams before there were Jock Jams theme picks up (before slowly transitioning to what I have always thought sounded like the opening instrumental from Family Feud) you just KNOW good times are ahead of you. Sure, I could bore you with the same old commentary about how unstoppable Bo Jackson is in the game or how easy it was to block punts with L.T. and Dexter Manley, but for me, it has always been the little things that made this one so memorable; lobbing automatic touchdowns in the shotgun to receivers running curl routes, double teaming the shit out of Jerry Rice, LOL-ing at Minnesota's god-awful reverse run play,the fact that all of the black players were actually purple and, of course, all of that blatant advertising for Rygar. To this day, this game remains one of the funnest multiplayer sports experiences on the Nintendo; who'd thunk so many years of joy could've been derived from only four offensive plays, no? 

Tecmo Bowl
Famicom (1990)



In the pantheon of Tecmo Bowl games, this one is oft-considered the "lost" sheep of the series. By and large, it is the exact same game Americans got in 1989; the same teams, the exact same plays, hell, there isn't even any kanji to be seen. However, there have been considerable changes to the team rosters, which benefit a few squads and are to the detriment of a few others. Eric Dickerson is no longer with Indianapolis (as is the case with the second edition printings of Tecmo Bowl USA), Mark Green replaces Dennis Gentry as kickoff man in Chicago, Cleveland rises up the defensive tiers with the addition of linebacker Clay Matthews, and because he wasn't overpowered ENOUGH, Bo Jackson is actually even faster in this one then he is in the American version. But it is San Francisco that came out the best, gaining a killer defensive add in linebacker Chris Haley and a HUGE offensive upgrade in wideout John Taylor. Frankly, if you've played NES version of Tecmo Bowl, you've more or less played this game. Still, it's pretty cool knowing there is a slightly modified version of the iconic pigskin title out there - especially when it has cartridge art as WTF as this one

Tecmo Bowl
Game Boy (1991)



All in all, this is an extremely well-done port of the NES game, which sacrifices astonishingly little in the migration to the teeny-tiny monochrome screen. As with its NES older brother, you get 12 teams to choose from, each porting about four offensive plays a piece. Obviously, there is a limited color palette, but the sprites themselves are actually fairly detailed, and the graphics are well above average for the platform. Where the game really shines, however, is the audio department; not only is the music in the game on par with the music from the NES version, it might be even better (although some of the other sound effects, like the quarterback signals, are far more primitive.) Gameplay-wise, you really can't complain about anything here; the controls are virtually identical to the 8-bit game and the core fundamentals are totally unchanged. Toss the ball to a covered receiver? Yeah, that's still going to be an automatic INT. Hand the ball off to Sweetness when Dallas is geared up for coverage down field? Yeah, that's an effortless touchdown, just like on the Nintendo. There really weren't that many sports games on the original Game Boy, and this has to be far and away the best football game released for the system. If you've never played it, it is definitely worth checking out, if absolutely nothing else, to see the miraculous job the programmers did converting the title. Pour yourself a glass of Dirty Sprite, make sure the AC adapter is plugged in and watch those defenders bounce into the fifth row whenever Bo storms down the sideline - this game is pure, old-school Tecmo Bowl bliss, through and through. And as fate would have it? It would also be the only portable Bowl we'd be able to get our hands on for more than a decade. But more on that forgotten piece of Tecmo history a little bit later, dear reader... 

Tecmo Super Bowl
NES (1991)



For my money, Tecmo Super Bowl isn't just the best football game on the NES. In my humblest o' opinions, it's the absolute BEST NES game ever, the best 8-bit title ever released and quite possibly the absolute best sports video game of all-time (it's certainly neck and neck with NHL '94, at the absolute least.) Despite all of the praise the game receives - and has been receiving for a quarter century now - we still tend to overlook just how revolutionary this game actually was. Released extremely late in the NES life cycle (the SNES was already on the market by the time it hit store shelves), Tecmo Super Bowl can rightly lay claim to being the last "must-experience" 8-bit Nintendo offering. While the core gameplay is unchanged from its precursor, everything around it was amped up to 11, creating far and away the most comprehensive, features-loaded sports game of the third console generation. Not only did the game have every contemporary NFL team represented - complete with accurate representations of their respective 1991-92 rosters - the playbook was vastly expanded, a robust season mode was added and the presentation - complete with the iconic cutscenes of defenders looking like they are taking a piss on quarterbacks following sacks - was unlike anything we had ever seen in a sports game up to that point. This title took the tried and true Tecmo Bowl gameplay and absolutely perfected it, creating the most accessible - yet surprisingly nuanced - video pigskin offering ever. The term "timeless" gets thrown around a lot in the video game world, but TSB is one of the rare titles that is precisely that - it was a hoot when it first came out, it was every bit as fun and addictive in the Dreamcast era and now - in a world of smart phones and tablet devices completely unfathomable in the NES era - it's still an absolute blast to kick back and play. This game isn't just the zenith of virtual football - it might just be the zenith of virtual entertainment altogether. (And as an aside: 25 years later, I still hate the ever-loving shit out of Christian Okoye, and everything he has ever stood for.)

Tecmo Super Bowl
Genesis and SNES (1993)



Now here is a game that tends to get a bad rap. Released two years after TSB on the NES, this iteration is fundamentally the same game, albeit with the obvious graphical and audio upgrades. The rosters, of course, now reflect the 1993-94 season, so most of the teams that were great on the Nintendo - the Raiders, the Eagles, the Lions - now suck like a turbo-charged vacuum cleaner. By and large, this is one of the most unbalanced sports games of the 16-bit console generation, with five overpowered teams (Dallas, San Fran, Washington, the Giants and Buffalo) and a lot of teams fluctuating from mediocre (Atlanta, Houston) to flat out turd-tactic (Seattle, New England.) The playbooks are more or less the same as in the NES iteration, but the gameplay feels quite different. It's had to describe, but I guess the best way to put it is that the players feel a whole lot floatier - unlike in the Nintendo version, you never really feel as if you have 100 percent control of your receivers, especially when it comes to quarterback scrambling. Audiovisually, things are spruced up quite a bit, and there is a greater emphasis on cutscenes. In fact, on certain plays, if the defense has accurately guesstimated your call, as soon as you snap the ball a cut scene is triggered featuring your back getting Rock Bottomed behind the line of scrimmage. Yeah, that does get old, and fast. Alas, despite the over-reliance on the gimmick, the core gameplay is almost as smooth and satisfying as it is on the NES, and the heightened graphics definitely make this one a totally different aesthetic experience. Granted, it is more of remake than a full-fledged sequel (apparently, that's the Internet's biggest criticism of the offering), but you know what? It's still a fun, engaging and hard to put down arcade sports experience. And it's also notable for being one of the few SNES sports games - alike Boxing Legends of the Ring and Super High Impact - that is objectively superior to the Genesis version (thanks in no small part to having a better soundtrack, which is fundamentally a pseudo-industrial remix of TSB tracks from the NES game.)

Tecmo Super Bowl II: Special Edition
Genesis and SNES (1995)



This is probably the rarest of the mass produced, physical copy Tecmo Super Bowls out there. In fact, only 15,000 copies of the SNES version were purportedly shipped to the U.S., making it one of the few sports games from the era that will cost you more than a few bucks on eBay these days. The game is really strange in a number of facets; indeed, at times, it feels more like a prototype for the third and final TSB than an actual standalone game. Structurally, the gameplay is exactly what you'd expect. The field is still displayed horizontal, and the hyper-fast pass and run mechanics are unchanged. However, there are some differences. For one thing, you now have two playbooks to choose from, which finally makes defensive play a more strategic part of the game. But the big one is a loaner from Madden - the ability to call audibles when you just know the secondary is about to blitz your ass to the stone age. You get a solid season mode, a slew of multiplayer modes and the graphics are certainly a vast improvement over the visuals in the first 16-bit TSB. While the SNES version looks and sounds slightly better, the controls and overall gameplay are MUCH better on the Genesis (I attribute it to that Blast Processing, naturally.) Oh, and the coolest thing about this game (and really, the reason it is worth going out of your way to experience?) It gives you the option to play as every NFL team from the 1992, 1993 and 1994 season. Which means, yes, FINALLY, you can stage that fantasy match up between the 4-12 '92 Phoenix Cardinals and the 2-14 '94 Houston Oilers, just like in your dreams. 

Tecmo Super Bowl III: Final Edition
Genesis and SNES (1995)



While I will always consider Tecmo Super Bowl on the NES to be the zenith of the franchise, the third and final 16-bit iteration of the series is a kinda' close second. From the opening cinematic - which feels more like something out of The Terminator than Madden - you are just getting a bang-up experience from start-to-finish. The player models, stadiums and animations are all vastly improved, and the playbooks have been enhanced to create a slightly more simulation-like experience (although the core gameplay is still all about the hot and heavy arcade action.) The audibles return and the season mode has been beefed up considerably - in fact, now you can sign free agents and even make your own damn football players and mold them into homegrown superstars over the course of the season (a feature, I might add, which is really a game unto itself.) Sure, it has some glitches here and there (sometimes, when the ball is fumbled, the defender who scoops up the ball will magically transform into an offensive player and recover the pigskin), but on the whole, this is arguably the most satisfying, holistic football game experience of Bill Clinton's first term of office (although Madden '94 and Bill Walsh College Football '95 REALLY put up a fight for that superlative.) Both versions are very, very good, but I consider the Genesis version the superior offering. Its sound may not be as impressive, but the football action is much faster and more fluid, and I actually prefer its animations to the Super Nintendo iteration. You can't go wrong with either, however, and if you've never played this game before, you are really missing out on some high-scoring, mid-90s cartridge-based excellence. 

Tecmo Super Bowl
Playstation (1996)




Now here is a game I had totally forgotten about. Released in the weird transitional phase from the SNES to the N64, perhaps it is not too surprising the game never got a fair shake in the marketplace. In hindsight though, this is actually a really damn good game, which does an admirable job of fusing the old school Tecmo Bowl arcade model with the emerging, NFL GameDay type of simulation. By and large, the game plays a LOT like the last 16-bit TSB, albeit with improved visuals, MUCH better sound (it is a CD-ROM based game, isn't it?) and way, WAY more playbook options. The create-a-player mode from Final Edition is back, but it's kind of a moot point because the in-game team editor gives you the ability to trade as many players as you want - or even rename them, overhaul their technical abilities and change their ethnicity, if you so want. Still, you get a full play-by-play announcer (standard now, I know, but MIND BLOWING at the time), semi-3D player models and the biggie, a totally controllable 360 game camera - which means, yes, you CAN play the game from a vertical perspective, if that's your fancy. All in all, this is just a dandy pick-up-and-play experience, which holds up a LOT better than the more realistic, strategic Madden offerings from the era. This one really deserves more recognition - especially from TSB aficionados, who may have initially written it off as an unappealing novelty 20 years ago. 

Tecmo Bowl
Mobile (2003)


Unless you want to count the Tiger Electronics LCD "port" of Tecmo Super Bowl released in 1993, this was the first portable version of Tecmo Bowl on the market in at least a dozen years. Due to the media format it was released on, however, the game has all but vanished from the face of the earth; I tried as hard as I could, but I couldn't find a single .ROM of the title anywhere. In fact, any information on the game is pretty hard to come by today; there are a few screenshots floating around the Internet, but beyond a few old IGN and Gamespot reviews, that's about it. I even reached out to Brad of tecmobowl-vs-rbi.com, one of the absolute best online repositories for info on Tecmo Bowl, and he was stumped. "I did look for a YouTube video quickly out of of curiosity, but found none," said the dude who is so into Tecmo Bowl that he covered his body in pixel art from the game. "I've always been aware of it, but not interested enough to seek it out." So, uh, what do we know about the game? Well, it came out in the early 2000s and was produced by Tecmo's short-lived mobile game department. Remember, this game came out six years before the first generation iPhone was released, so we're not talking touch-screen gameplay; you had to play this sumbitch with a QWERTY keyboard or the old touch-tone dial pad, like it was a ColecoVision game or something. There was no NFL license or players, and 16 teams to choose from. Gameplay, per the old video game site reviews, was fairly similar to the NES iteration of the game, although the reviewers in question never really got into the specifics of how the controls worked. Did you push "5" to move forward and "6" to hike the ball, or did you select a play and a designated route runner and the game ran it for you, RPG-style? Sadly, it looks like we'll never find out; unless someone still has a Nokia phone from '03 - that's still in working condition, with this game still installed on it - this is one version of Tecmo Bowl that appears last to the ravages of time forever

Tecmo Bowl: Kickoff
DS (2008)



Excluding the mobile phone game, this was the first handheld TSB to drop in 17 years, and the first TSB you could walk into a store and purchase in 12. Among Tecmo Super Bowl enthusiasts, it is a very controversial title; the consensus, however, seems to be that it's a halfhearted nostalgic cash-grab, simply using the TSB handle without capturing any of the magic of the old-school 8-bit and 16-bit titles. While Kickoff no doubt has some shortcomings, I have to disagree with the majority (a shocker, I know.) All in all, this is actually a pretty sound little football game and easily the best handheld pigskin game on the DS ... which, yeah, is sort of like declaring yourself the most intelligent kid in remedial math, but whatever. Since EA gobbled up the NFL license all to themselves, there are no NFL logos or players when you first boot up the game - just a bunch of random dudes and teams with monikers like the Los Angeles Supercocks and Pittsburgh Poisons. Thankfully, however, the game comes with a fairly robust create-a-team and create-a-player editor, so if you have enough dedication and time on your hands, you can easily restyle every player in the game to contemporary pro football stars (just as long as their names don't sound like curse words ... imagine my surprise when I tried to rename a character "Matt Cassell" and the game wouldn't let me.) You get a decent regular season mode and multiplayer, including WiFi enabled online play. And that's where things get a bit disappointing. While the gameplay, overall, is fairly enjoyable, there are a lot of iffy things about the control scheme; it is way too easy to get intercepted and running the ball feels stiff (shit, its even a little difficult to do the iconic Tecmo Bowl zig-zag.) The stylus play does very little to improve the passing game (in fact, it probably makes it worse) and whoever decided to include those goofy "power-ups" deserves a thorough lambasting. That said, if you can just appreciate the game for what it offers and what it mostly follows through on, I think you'll find this one to be a rather entertaining little diversion. And for you trivia hounds out there, Tecmo originally had plans to port this game to the Wii, as well; following the slow sales of Kickoff, however, they retooled the title into Family Fun Football, which, as you'd imagine, looks like absolute and total shit

Tecmo Bowl Throwback
Xbox 360 and Playstation3 (2010)



To date, the last Tecmo Bowl game was an online download for the PS3 and Xbox360. Designed by the same guys who made the cult Xbox hits Death Row and XIII, the game is - at the same time - a loving homage to the Tecmo Bowl mythos and a much-more-entertaining-than-it-should-have-been standalone football offering. Of course, the game is sans an official NFL license and no actual players appear, but as with Kickoff on the DS, you can easily rename the characters and franchises to imitate their real-world pro football counterparts. The $10 download had both single-player and multiplayer options, with all of the usual season mode shenanigans. In terms of gameplay, it is actually a lot less in-depth than TSB II and III on the Genesis and SNES, instead offering a more pared back, offensive-oriented arcade score-fest a'la the NES masterpiece. The graphics are very sleek, but if you want, all you have to do is push one button and the game switches from 16:9 3D visuals to old-school, 8-bit 4:3 ratio sprites. Granted, the feature loses its appeal after awhile, but it is nonetheless fun to transform into 2D-mode to cap off a long TD run. Sure, it's not the full-fledged sequel to TSB on the PS1 we've been waiting for for 15 years, but for what it is - and isn't - this is still a pretty entertaining romp down memory lane. An iPhone version was released a year later - and although I've never played it, it looks pretty much identical to the console version


Shameless product placement ... in a Tecmo game? Get out of here!

And there you have it folks, almost 30 years worth of Tecmo Bowl nostalgia. Seeing as how Tecmo is in dire financial straits these days and Electronic Arts won't give up the NFL license until at least the year 3080, odds are we probably won't be seeing any new Tecmo Bowl offerings for quite some time. That said, even if we have indeed seen the last of the series, we can at least take take solace in the fact that, for a good ten year stretch or so, the franchise gave us some of the most entertaining arcade football games ever. Despite all of the fancy graphics and online play and ability to download rosters and gameplay that corresponds to the NFL's real-world concussion protocols (really), today's football video games just can't match the simplistic wonder of Tecmo Bowl. Yes, it is a weird imitation of American football and I'd be lying if I said it is the most technical sports game achievement out there, but what the games lack in realism, they more than make up for it in good old-fashioned fun. The gameplay was accessible to all, but nuanced enough to provide a literally endless array of single player and multiplayer possibilities. As good as games like Zelda and Metroid may be, they are still the same game - with the same bad guys in the same spot and the same bosses moving in the same pattern - every time you play it. With sports games like Tecmo Bowl, however, every time you pick up the pad, it is a different experience. No two games of TSB ever play out the same, and thanks to the hilarity of human err, every Tecmo Bowl contest has an aura of unpredictability to it. 

To this day, Tecmo Bowl and its long-line of successors - most notably, of course, being TSB on the NES - have maintained a huge following, with national tournaments held throughout the country, ESPN producing a full-length documentary on its significance to the world of sports, and even die-hard Tecmo Bowl techies who hack the TSB .ROM files to create annually-updated versions of the game with contemporary teams, rosters and stats (and if that wasn't enough, there are even some folks out there who have created entirely new games out of the tried-and-true engine, including the only NCAA-themed football games you'll be playing anytime soon.) 

Simply put, Tecmo Bowl is much more than an old video game series. It is a part of the American sports vernacular and a reminder of just how simple, uncomplicated and unpretentious video games used to be. There may be prettier and more realistic and more features-loaded pigskin sims out there, but to this day, I don't think I've ever played a football video game as absorbing, as addictive and as enjoyable as the games spawned by Tecmo Bowl. We're still talking about 'em 25 years later, and we're going to be talking about them 50 years later. Shit, we'll probably be living on the fuckin' moon some day, still talking about the infamous "nose tackle trick." 

Consoles come and go, you know, but true greatness never goes away. As long as there is both football and video games, people will forever flock back to Tecmo Bowl - and they will continue to celebrate it, as one would any unconquered champion of the gridiron. 


Wednesday, October 22, 2014

A Few Things You Didn’t Know About the Washington Redskins Nickname

The surprising history behind a most controversial moniker.


You know who’s probably the happiest guy in the NFL right now? Washington Redskins owner Dan Snyder.

After all, the big stinks surrounding Adrian Peterson’s possible child abusin’ and Ray Rice’s confirmed fiancee beatin’ have masked the odor of what presumably WOULD have been the big political brouhaha of the new pro football season -- the ongoing debate over the Redskins nickname.

Several overrated websites that nobody read anyway have deemed the team name so offensive that they flat out refuse to reference the D.C. squad by its official title. In league with them are two announcers with Super Bowl hardware -- former Colts coach Tony Dungy and ex-Giants QB Phil Simms -- who have said they won’t call the Redskins the “Redskins” while doing play-by-play.

Indeed, the anti-Redskins-nickname bandwagon has become quite the trendy progressive jihad of late. Of course, that also brings up the question of why said individuals are just now revolting against the moniker, seeing as how the team has been called the Redskins since before World War II.

Ever the curious sort, I spent the summer compiling information on both the history of the Redskins organization and the term “redskin” itself. Much to the chagrin of paleface detractors such as ESPN’s Peter King and FCC Chair Tom Wheeler, the term may not exactly be the hyper-offensive pejorative they keep telling us it is -- in terms of both historical usage and actual Native American sentiments.

Etymologically, the origin of the term “redskin” is not only unlikely to be derogatory, but unlikely to have a racial root whatsoever. Quite possibly the earliest use of the term “redskin,” interestingly enough, stems from a term one Native American tribe bestowed upon another.

The Micmac tribe of Canada were known to refer to members of the Beothuk tribe as “macquajeet,” which roughly translates into “red people.” Even more peculiar, the Micmac didn’t call the Beothuk “macquajeet” because of their skin tone -- they called them that because the tribe had a tendency to smear mud, rich with deep red ocher, all over the bodies as an insect repellent.

According to historian Ives Godard, the term “redskin” really didn’t come into vogue as any kind of racial term until the 18th century. Even so, it was essentially a neutral word, with many native American tribes using the word as a self-identifier; lest we forget Sitting Bull’s immortal declaration, “I am a red man.”

It really wasn’t until nearly the early 20th century that the term “redskin” showed up as a definite pejorative -- and in of all places, the inarguably racist rants of  “The Wizard of Oz” author Frank Baum.

The team nickname “Redskins” almost certainly was derived from the almost-certainly-fake Indian heritage of former Boston Redskins coach William “Lone Star” Dietz, who recruited several players from the Haskell Indian School to play pro ball for him. For those not in the loop, the team began life as the Boston Braves in 1932; owner George Preston Marshall authorized the name change to the Redskins a year later, with the team relocating to Washington, D.C. in 1937.

As for the team’s current logo? It was designed by a Native American from Montana in 1971. Don Wetzel, the son of former National Congress of Native Americans President Walter Wetzel, commended the mascot, stating “it represents the Red Nation and it’s something to be proud of.”

Apparently, a vast majority of actual Native Americans agree: a 2004 Annenberg Public Policy Center survey found that nine out of ten US Indians did not find the team nickname to be offensive.

Nor, it seems, do the students and faculty at Washington’s Wellpinit High School, Oklahoma’s Kingston High School or Arizona’s Red Mesa High School, each of whom use the nickname “Redskins” for their football teams. By the way, Native Americans make up a majority of the student body at each school, with Navajo Indian students making up nearly 100 percent of the Red Mesa population.

While there are definitely Native Americans out there miffed about the nickname, they’re not the ones leading the mass media revolt. (I originally typed “spearheading” instead of “leading,” but changed it just to be on the safe side.)

I don’t know if you’ve made the same observations that I have, but it seems like every single face on TV or the Internet decrying the Redskins nickname is astonishingly Caucasian.

Personally, I’ve always considered such forceful displays of  white paternalism to be profoundly patronizing, and in many ways, pretty darned racist, to boot. A large throng of the anti-Redskins bandwagon are whiny, P.C. dingbats (of course, the type who have lived enchanted lives of their own, never once having faced adversity of any real kind) who are co-opting another ethnic group for use in their own political battles.

The most zealous pro Redskins-name-changers, oddly enough, seem to be people who downright HATE both Dan Snyder and the National Football League for even existing.

They DESPISE the fact that Dan Snyder is a multibillionaire college dropout who made more money as an entrepreneur working out of his parents’ bedroom than they’ll ever envision.

They DESPISE the fact that the National Football League is a $9 billion a year mega-industry, but much more than that, they hate the fact that it’s a sport they perceive to be the domain of oppressive white males --  this, despite 40 percent of the NFL fan base being women and the National Basketball League having a higher percentage of white viewers than the NFL.

How funny it is that the pro-name change armada is crusading against the Washington Redskins for social justice and equality, yet doing precious little to help ACTUAL Native Americans who live in the poorest parts of the country and have the highest rates of diabetes, suicide or alcoholism of any ethnic group in the US.

With all of the riffraff going on over the nickname, you probably haven’t heard about something called the Washington Redskins Original Americans Foundation. It’s a nonprofit recently started by Dan Snyder that’s actually INVESTING money in Native American communities -- meaning the Redskins themselves have probably done more good for the nation’s Indians than any of those lily-white belly-achers who've been moaning and groaning about the moniker lately.

Ultimately, the Redskins nickname controversy has virtually little do with cultural appropriation or representation -- unless you’re talking about the substantially white P.C. Wehrmacht, who have taken it upon themselves to misrepresent an entire racial group as a front for their own political jockeying.

Thursday, December 1, 2011

You Know Who Was Kind of a Jerk? GANDHI.

Why the Great Humanitarian was Actually a Horrible Human Being


When I say the name Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, a couple of things probably come to mind. Peace, nonviolence, passive resistance, an Academy Award winning motion picture ironically starring a British guy as a Hindu . .you know, all of the basic stuff, really.

Although Gandhi is unquestionably one of the most important philosophical and social figures of the 20th century, he’s also a guy that gets a LOT of beneficial leeway when it comes to what he’s remembered for. Sure, sure, Gandhi was responsible for the Salt March and played a prominent role in getting the English to relinquish control of the Indian subcontinent, but at the same time...the guy had some, ahem, questionable marks on his record, too.

Satyagraha, swadeshi, swaraj...yeah, yeah, we’ve heard about that stuff a million times by now. What isn’t common knowledge, however, is that the “Great Soul” had a penchant for some downright bizarre behaviors, and for a guy that’s supposedly the century’s greatest advocate for love and understanding, he’s dropped more than a few quotes and quips that seem to argue to the contrary.

So, just how many strikes against Gandhi are out there? Well, I’ve stumbled across five that you probably won’t encounter in any peace studies course, these somehow forgotten nuggets of knowledge that, for some reason or another, seem to have been swept under the hand-woven rug of history.

Time to meet the other side of the Mahatma, don’t you think?

THE TOP FIVE REASONS GANDHI WAS ACTUALLY A JERK 


REASON NUMBER FIVE:
He was a horrible father and spouse abuser

By his own admission, Gandhi said that he was a pretty horrendous dad and hubby. He wasn’t exactly fond of his wife and his crusade for global peace doubled as a really, really convenient excuse to circumvent child support payments. If you’re one of those people that like to gauge the measure of a man by how he raises his children, I think you’d have to give Gandhi a solid “F” for effort - ESPECIALLY judging by the way his eldest son turned out.

Gandhi was never all that supportive of his first son, Harilal, whom he often called a "mistake." Hell, he disliked his first born so much that he even refused to talk to his second son just because he lent money to him. Furthermore, he was damn, damn, damn opposed to letting him attend law school, even though Gandhi himself, you know, kind of went to law school. After being publicly disowned by his father, Harilal ended up a penniless drunk, resorting to male prostitution to support himself on the streets of Bombay until he died of a pickled liver in 1948.

Gandhi also treated his wife, Kastubra, with the kind of iron-fist resolve usually reserved for Lifetime made-for-cable movies. Not only did he admit to routinely beating the crap out of her and committing random acts of adultery in his youth, his actions resulted in her expedited death, as he REFUSED to allow her penicillin while she was suffering from a severe bout of pneumonia.

But on the positive side of things, at least he wrote a lot of flowery prose about her while she was alive...mostly, in journal entries in which he compared her to a cow:


Well, if nothing else, at least we can take solace in knowing that Gandhi was more of an Al Bundy than a Ward Cleaver.

REASON NUMBER FOUR:
He was pen pals with Hitler

Today, if someone said “you know, that Hitler fellow wasn’t as bad as most people make him out to be,” they would probably get fired, expelled, excommunicated, sued, divorced or, if you’re in Canada, possibly arrested. Although we have the gift of hindsight, it still seems pretty stupid for anyone to make amends for Der Fuhrer, even before all of that stuff about the Holocaust became rudimentary information around the globe. 

In his lifetime, Gandhi sent two letters to Adolf Hitler; one in 1939, and the other in 1940. Both letters were pleas from Gandhi to stop killing the shit out of Western Europeans, and in both instances, he referred to Hitler as "my friend." But in Gandhi's defense, he really didn't know who he was when he got a request on Facebook, so we can't blame the guy too much here.

While the first letter was a pretty humdrum attempt to get Hitler to change his mind about steamrolling Czechoslovakia (SPOILER: it didn't work), his second letter to the Nazi leader was far more interesting, containing the following quote:

Now, we all make some judgment calls that, in hindsight, seem really, really bad. Then again, most of our errors are more along the lines of picking the Buffalo Bills to win the Super Bowl, and not stating that a pissed off Austrian that killed 20 million plus people got an unfair shake by the general public. In Gandhi's (admittedly, quite weak defense) this was before all that info about the extermination camps was common knowledge, so even with all of this unpleasantness, we really cannot say that Gandhi was a proponent of Jewish suffering during World War II. I mean, it's not like he encouraged the Jews to just die in the face of Nazism or anything...

"If I were a Jew and were born in Germany and earned my livelihood there, I would claim Germany as my home even as the tallest Gentile German might, and challenge him to shoot me or cast me in the dungeon; I would refuse to be expelled or to submit to discriminating treatment. And for doing this I should not wait for the fellow Jews to join me in civil resistance, but would have confidence that in the end the rest were bound to follow my example. If one Jew or all the Jews were to accept the prescription here offered, he or they cannot be worse off than now. And suffering voluntarily undergone will bring them an inner strength and joy [...] the calculated violence of Hitler may even result in a general massacre of the Jews by way of his first answer to the declaration of such hostilities. But if the Jewish mind could be prepared for voluntary suffering, even the massacre I have imagined could be turned into a day of thanksgiving and joy that Jehovah had wrought deliverance of the race even at the hands of the tyrant. For to the God-fearing, death has no terror. "

...well, never mind, then. 
 
REASON NUMBER THREE:
He sort of had a thing for his underage relatives. . .

Gandhi was a big proponent of this thing called brahmacharya, which was basically practicing self-control when faced with physical temptation, like lust or hunger. According to Gandhi’s philosophy, one could only obtain truth by controlling one’s senses, which is the sort of asceticism that comes attached to just about every quasi-spiritual movement. The thing is, Gandhi took the idea about twenty steps further, believing that he had to periodically test himself to see just how much restrain he could muster. The results, if applied today, would probably lead you not to enlightenment, but a guest appearance on the next installment of To Catch A Predator.

One of Gandhi’s favorite “tests of restraint” involved sleeping in the same bed with young women. As in, middle school aged, and to make things a new shade of creepy, he made them get totally nude beforehand. And as Gandhi’s journals have exposed, he definitely had a difficult time keeping those lowly desires at a minimum.

And as if the idea of an old dude laying around bare assed nekkid with jail bait wasn’t “eww!”-inducing enough, Gandhi’s favorite test subject just so happened to be his own grand-niece. Oh, and apparently, he sort of had this thing for enemas. . .but yeah, nobody wants to know the gory details about that little hobby.

Of course, this didn’t make Gandhi unfaithful to his wife, per himself. In fact, Gandhi often boasted that not once did he engage in sexual activity with anyone (including his own wife), despite routinely using junior high school students as meat blankets. If we’re trying to find a silver lining here, I suppose we can find succor that, as far as written documentation goes, Gandhi never gave into his carnal desires when surrounded by his underage relatives. Now, when surrounded by Hebrew strongmen, on the other hand…

REASON NUMBER TWO:
…and oh yeah, possibly German-Jewish bodybuilders, too

Earlier this year, a new book was released that accused Gandhi of having a three decade plus affair with Hermann Kallenbach, an impossible mishmash of a human being that somehow managed to be German, Jewish, an architect and a bodybuilder simultaneously  

Now, semi-biographical hatchet jobs are really nothing new in the publishing world, but did I tell you that the book was also written by a Pulitzer Prize winner and a former executive editor for The New York Times


In fact, the book alleges that Gandhi and Kallenbach even formulate pet names for one another, the not at all suggestive monikers of "upper house" and "lower house" - and in case you were wondering, the book surmises that Gandhi was indeed "the upper house" in the relationship, if you catch my drift
  
Knowing what we know about the guy now, I suppose we can at least take some solace in knowing that he probably didn’t tell his buddy Hitler about this one.

REASON NUMBER ONE:
He kind of didn’t like black people.

We’ve all heard the story about a billion times: Gandhi’s kicking back, riding in a train in South Africa, and then he gets booted off because he looks “too black” for the management’s liking. Gandhi, never the sort to take injustice lying down, starts ruminating over the issue of prejudice and inequality, and voila! Instant revolution.

Although the history books may tell us that Gandhi witnessing the persecution of black Africans was what initially got the ball rolling for his nonviolent movement in India, the reality is, Gandhi was never really that defensive of the black Africans’ rights, before, after, or even DURING his stay in South Africa.

In fact, according to some accounts, Gandhi was sort of. . .well, racist against the black folks.

To get the big ball of hate rolling, in an 1896 meeting in Bombay, Gandhi allegedly said that:


Odds are, if you aren't sort of shocked by that passage, you're probably an American, since that's really the only country in the world where "kaffir" isn't routinely used as a racial slur for black people. So, in effect, what we have here is a Gandhi that sounds more like a David Duke than an MLK. And rest assured: there are plenty more suspect quotes on file for "The Great Soul."

Here's another choice cut, this time from a 1905 editorial in The Indian Opinion


And to outdo that one, in an op-ed for the same newspaper a year later, he actually penned an essay CONDONING racial segregation: 

...and just a few months later, Gandhi wrote another op-ed, this time in support of apartheid (and with a few cracks about black people being drunks and smelly, too boot:)


Hell, Gandhi even felt the need to send letters to the Johannesburg Office of Health about the "Kaffir Problem," as this 1905 letter demonstrates:


And just for good measure, Mr. "Nonviolence" Himself issued this statement in 1906, in which he says the murder of black Africans during the Zulu War didn't really count

"A controversy is going on in England about what the Natal Army did during the Kaffir rebellion. The people here believe that the whites of Natal perpetrated great atrocities on the Kaffirs. In reply to such critics, the Star has pointed to the doings of the Imperial Army in Egypt. Those among the Egyptian rebels who had been captured were ordered to be flogged. The flogging was continued to the limits of the victim's endurance; it took place in public and was watched by thousands of people. Those sentenced to death were also hanged at the same time. While those sentenced to death were hanging, the flogging of others was taken up. While the sentences were being executed, the relatives of the victims cried and wept until many of them swooned. If this is true, there is no reason why there should be such an outcry in England against Natal outrages."

And then, there was Gandhi's feelings about blacks within his own native country. I think I'll let you study that one on your own time

So what, if anything, have we learned here today? Well, pretty much what we already know...that most "Great" human beings really aren't that great, and no matter how vaunted and celebrated a figure may be, there's a pretty good chance that he or she has more than a few skeletons in his or her respective closet.

Should all of this information change your opinion about Gandhi? Eh, maybe it should, maybe it shouldn't - the important thing you realize here is that there's way more history out there than what's generally circulated amongst the public pool of knowledge - meaning that there's a high likelihood that everything you think you know isn't neccesarily the "real " reality at hand.